| Robotic surgery is a promising technology that uses | | | | Currently, robotic applications has evolved even more, |
| high-tech robots to perform minimally invasive surgery. | | | | and has expanded to surgeries performed in cases |
| This surgery is conducted by inserting a small camera | | | | like prostate cancer, bladder cancer, cardiothoracic |
| and very small robotic instruments inside the body by | | | | treatments, plastic surgery, pediatric surgery and more. |
| making two or three small incisions in the desired area. | | | | Benefits of Robotic Surgery |
| The camera provides a precise and clear 3D image to | | | | The use of robotic surgery eliminates the need for |
| the surgeon who can then manipulate the robotic arms | | | | surgeons to be in the same room as the patient. With |
| and move the instruments in the body of the patient | | | | the help of a video conferencing specialist, surgeons |
| and perform the surgery. | | | | can now perform surgeries with increased precision |
| History and Current Applications | | | | and skill as before. This serves as a major advantage |
| Puma 560 was the first robot used by Kwoh and co | | | | in times when doctors on-call is not available to handle |
| workers in 1985 for a neurosurgical biopsy. The same | | | | an emergency case. |
| was used three years later to perform a transurethral | | | | The other major benefits include the increased |
| resection of the prostate by Davies and co-workers. | | | | flexibility and position of the robotic arms used. This |
| Since then there have been many advances in the | | | | augments the surgeon's ability to maneuver the tissues |
| robotic surgery systems with robots being designed | | | | with increased degrees of freedom. The more evident |
| specifically depending on the type of surgery. The first | | | | benefit of performing such minimally invasive surgeries |
| robotic system to be approved by the Food and Drug | | | | is the decreased rate of infection as a result of which |
| Administration (FDA) was ROBODOC, a surgical robot | | | | the patients take less time to recover. Therefore, in the |
| developed by Integrated Surgical Supplies Ltd. | | | | end it works out well for all, doctors, patients and |
| Since the 1980s, systems scientists have worked hard | | | | insurance agents. |
| to develop telesurgical robots and devices that can be | | | | Drawbacks and Limitations of Robotic Surgery |
| used to bring surgeons and patients, located in different | | | | The main factor that has proven to be a major hurdle |
| parts of world, together. Other successful robotic | | | | in the widespread use of robotic surgery is the high |
| surgery systems that were consequently developed | | | | cost factor involved in the initial purchasing along with |
| include the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical), | | | | its high maintenance cost. Also, as these systems |
| and the ZEUS robotic surgical system (Computer | | | | have not yet been established fully, there is still a lot of |
| Motion). | | | | scope for optimization and more studies are required |
| These robotic systems have been used in | | | | to judge the efficiency of these systems in different |
| laparoscopic gall bladder surgery, certain chest and | | | | surgeries. Large size of these systems is also a major |
| cardiotomy procedures as well as bypass surgeries. | | | | drawback because it is difficult to accommodate them |
| These systems allowed the surgeon to manipulate the | | | | in a surgical room, along with the other staff. |
| robotic arms through a computer console and monitor. | | | | |