| Hooliganism refers to unruly and destructive behavior. | | | | made a criminal offense under the penal codes of the |
| Such behavior is commonly associated with sports | | | | Soviet republics. Article 213 of the penal code defined |
| fans, particularly supporters of professional football and | | | | hooliganism as "any deliberate behavior which violates |
| university sports. In some countries, the hooligan | | | | public order and expresses explicit disrespect towards |
| elements of a group of supporters are known as | | | | the society." a wide range of behaviors, such as |
| Category C. The term can also apply to general | | | | vagrancy, stalking and foul language. This law was |
| rowdy behavior and vandalism, often under the | | | | often used by Soviet authorities against political |
| influence of alcohol or drugs. The term has been used | | | | dissidents. Hooliganism is still covered under the criminal |
| since at least the 1890s, to describe the behavior of | | | | and administrative codes of Russia, and is applicable to |
| street gangs. The first use of the term is unknown, but | | | | persons at least 16 years old. Hooliganism is graded |
| it appeared in an 1898 London police report. One | | | | into Malicious hooliganism(???????? ???????????), |
| theory is that the word came from the name of an | | | | hooliganism(???????????), and Petty |
| Irish hoodlum from Southwark, London named Patrick | | | | hooliganism(?????? ???????????). Petty hooliganism is |
| Hooligan. There has also been reference made to a | | | | "subject to administrative proceedings" (roughly |
| 19th century family by that name who resided in rural | | | | equivalent to application of the civil law) and classified |
| Ireland famed for their wild lifestyle, resulting in anyone | | | | as roughly equivalent to an infraction. It is mostly |
| who lived similarly as being referred to as a Hooligan. | | | | applied to minor street disorders and fighting by urban |
| Another theory is that it came from a street gang in | | | | youth. Malicious hooliganism is defined as being |
| Islington named Hooley. A fourth theory is that it's | | | | committed "with extraordinary cynicism, with resistance |
| based on an Irish word, Hooley, which means a wild, | | | | to law enforcement, with usage of arms or attempt |
| spirited party. | | | | thereof, or committed by a recidivist. |
| In the Soviet Union, hooliganism (???????????) was | | | | |