| Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer | | | | Samuel wrote a program playing checkers in the 60's |
| science, which tries to give "intelligence to machines". | | | | and many people contributed to the theory of game |
| But the concept of intelligence itself is debatable, and | | | | playing. Finally when a computer could beat the then |
| making these machines without life "intelligent" is | | | | world champion in a chess game, that was considered |
| something near to impossible. But we can say safely | | | | a victory of machine over man even though it was not |
| that AI aims at producing intelligent behavior from | | | | so. Currently there are well-known algorithms for |
| machines. What is the difference between having | | | | game playing and game playing is considered falling |
| intelligence and having intelligent behavior? You can | | | | into the domain of algorithms than AI.2. Automatic |
| exhibit intelligent behavior in a narrow field for some | | | | theorem proving: |
| time without really being intelligent. For example a | | | | Mathematicians are believed to be super intelligent |
| computer playing chess at the master level does not | | | | creatures, and so in its early childhood AI tried to show |
| even know that it is playing chess. But for the outsider | | | | intelligence by creating machines capable of proving |
| the view is that it is intelligent like a master. Also we | | | | theorems by themselves. By having some basic |
| need only this intelligent behavior for many practical | | | | assumptions and rules, they tried to prove theorems |
| purposes.AI uses ideas from diverse branches of | | | | by combining these rules, getting new assumptions and |
| knowledge like computer science, economics, biology, | | | | so on. Gelernters program for geometry theorem |
| social sciences, mathematics and even grammar. It | | | | proving was a typical example. Later it was realized |
| has also diverse applications in many areas of life. | | | | that the intelligence of human experts in this area is not |
| That is, it is an interdisciplinary subject, which takes | | | | easily imitable, and the use of common sense and |
| ideas from almost all fields of knowledge and has | | | | knowledge about mathematics was needed to prove |
| applications in many diverse areas of life. Some of the | | | | theorems. Currently not many developments are taking |
| branches of AI are discussed below. This in no way is | | | | place in this area.3.Natural language processing (NLP) |
| a complete list.1. Game playing: | | | | Languages like English, French or Malayalam, which |
| Playing a game like checkers, chess, or go, requires a | | | | are used by men, are called natural languages. The |
| lot of intelligence for a human being and so these | | | | language we speak is often context sensitive. "Did you |
| tasks were one of the earliest attractions of AI. | | | | shoot the tiger? |